A Speleological Appreciation of the YRC on the Occasion of its Centenary 1892 – 1992

S. A. Craven

The Yorkshire Ramblers’ Club (YRC) was founded in 1892 in the city of Leeds in the north of England. The original intention of the founding fathers was to promote mountaineering. There is nothing in the constitution to permit cave exploration; on the other hand, there is nothing to forbid it. The members of the YRC were not the first people to go caving in the north of England. Indeed the history of cave exploration in the Craven district goes back to the eighteenth century, and developed as a side-effect of the tourist trade to the Lake District. Those southern gentry who had the time, money and stamina to travel to the Lakes came to rest themselves and their horses at Ingleton, and were taken to the caves by the local entrepreneurs[1]. Early pioneers without a financial interest included John Birkbeck and William Metcalfe between 1847[2] and 1870[3], and the Hastings brothers at Gavel Pot in 1885[4].

All the early cave explorations were by individuals with little technical support. The descents of Alum Pot by Messrs. Birkbeck and Metcalfe in 1847 and 1870 were facilitated by the men and machinery of the railway contractors. The other caves explored at that time were notable for then short, easy pitches. The long spectacular pitches of, for example, Gaping Gill and Rowten Pot, were completely beyond the resources of independent individuals. The YRC provided a forum whereby individuals could pool then financial and technical resources for then mutual benefit. It is also significant that many of the members came from the manufacturing city of Leeds, and were of the professional and business classes. They were well-educated men with the enquiring minds, money and spare time necessary for any long-term exploration of caves and mountains.

The members of the YRC were not the only cave explorers in the Craven district during those halcyon days fiom 1892 to the First World War. Indeed on 22 June 1898 a meeting was held in Leeds to “consider the propriety of forming a Speleological Society, on similar lines to the society in France”. Alfred Barran of the YRC was voted to the Chan. The meeting considered whether the proposed society would be detrimental to the YRC and to the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society (YGPS.) (which had been involved in underground water tracing at Malham[5] and at Ingleborough[6]. Of the YRC men reported to be present, Messrs. W. Parsons, C.A. Scriven and J.W. Swithinbank were in favour, while Messrs. E. Calvert, J.A Green, T. Gray and Lewis Moore were against. At the vote, it was deemed undesirable to foim a new club, there being 6 votes against, 5 in favour and 6 abstentions[7]. By 1907 at least 8 YRC members had been elected to the YGPS.; both organisations thrived.[8]

At that time most of the big northern English cities had their climbing clubs such as the Kyndwr Club of Sheffield, whose members, being close to the Peak District of Derbyshire, also caved[9]. The neighbouring city of Bradford had no kindred club, but it did have a few individuals who went potholing together, and independently of the YRC, despite meeting on common ground at the YGPS. Cormriittee for the Investigation of the Underground Waters of Malham and Clapham[10]. Messrs. Dawson, Townend et al. of Bradford were technically superior to the YRC in that they possessed wire rope ladders. This equipment enabled them to descend Alum Pot at least 5 times, and probably Hunt Pot and Gaping Gill[11]. The first club to compete with the YRC was the Yorkshire Speleological Association founded in Leeds in 1906, and which failed to survive the First World War. Thereafter some of its former members became stalwarts of the YRC[12].   Another transient club was the Leeds Ramblers’ Club, whose members made a bizarre descent of Gaping Gill in 1904[13].

Most cave explorations were done in the Craven district because of its easy access from Leeds. The members also did much pioneering exploration in Ireland during the early years of this century[14]; and they did venture elsewhere when the oppoitrmity arose. Wales was visited in 1909[15] and 1936[16]. Two visits were made to Derbyshire in 1909[17], and subsequently during the following year[18], in 1912[19],1915[20], 1922[21] and the 1930s[22]. Caves near Symonds Yat were investigated in 1911[23].

Across the English Channel Walter Parsons visited Padirac Cave in France sometime before 1909[24]; and Barton toured caves in France and Belgium in 1924[25].  Austria and Yugoslavia were visited in the late 1920s[26]. In the following decade Bill Allsup looked at caves in Assam[27], and  Harold  Brodrick  visited St. Michael’s Cave in Gibraltar[28].
Majorca was visited in 1907[29] and 1934[30]

The members of the YRC were not content with mere exploration and survey. They were interested in the geology of the caves they visited[31], in the archaeology[32] and in the fauna[33]. Most importantly of all – and this is why the Club has survived and has celebrated its centenaiy – the members kept records. Some have been lost; others survive in manuscript form Many have been published in the pages of the Club Journal and elsewhere in both popular and scientific journals and books. Although the YRC was, and still is, a private club, its early members publicised then activities to a wider audience. In particular, an early detailed account of the techniques and literature of speleology appeared in 1911[34]. These records, incomplete though they may be, enabled subsequent generations of members to continue the work done by then predecessors.

Perusal of these records reveals many aspects of early cave exploration which will be unfamiliar to the modem potholer with his neoprene suits, hghtweight equipment and private transport. The transport of these pioneers was train to the nearest station, thence by faim cart to the cave entrance, hi later years they acquired cars and motor-cycles. They used hemp ropes, and hemp rope ladders with wooden rungs – all of which doubled in weight when wet. Then flannel trousers and tweed jackets were shnilarly veiy heavy when wet. Iflumination was by candles, and later by acetylene lamps. Their techniques were self-taught. It is remarkable that they experienced only two accidents, both non-fatal[35]. To compensate for the privations of the field, the members usually stayed in inns. Camp servants were taken to the Gaping Gill meets.

The YRC organised few official meets. Most of the original exploration and survey was done on private meets, the organisation of which would have been done by the individual members and not by the Committee. Up to 1914 the members systematically made first descents and explorations of most of the conspicuous open shafts and cave entrances in the Craven district, with the notable exception of Gaping Gill. That honour went in 1895 to the visiting Frenchman, E.A. Martel[36], who was later elected an honorary member of the YRC[37].

Another feature of the YRC, which is not peculiar to the YRC and which has recently caused controversy in other English clubs, is the absence of female members. The 1902 constitution[38] does not explicitly exclude those of the fairer gender. The exclusion is implied: “V. Before any person is eligible for election, he …” Although ladies are not eligible for membership, it is clear from the pages of the YRC Journal that they have always been welcome attenders at caving meets. Perhaps they attended only the private meets?

A caving club operates as a team; and it is therefore invidious to mention individual members. An exception can be made for Arthur Dwerryliouse who can be considered to be a professional cave explorer in that he was Assistant Lecturer in Geology at Leeds University before moving to University College Reading some time before 1924. Before his move he made important contributions to geological knowledge[39]; and he wrote a popular geological book[40]. On 14 November 1899 he was appointed Hon. Secretary of the YGPS. Malham Sub-Committee[41].

Another YRC member who did considerably more than just attend meets was Samuel Wells Cuttriss, whose manuscript notes, although incomplete, record much of the early history of the Club. He was an active member of the YGPS. Underground Waters Committees[42], and one of the first amateur cave photographers in Yorkshire[43].

The First World War and the 1919 influenza pandemic changed the whole social structure of Britain; and the YRC did not escape then effects. Fifty members joined the aimed forces, of which five were killed in action. Another seven members died between 1913 and 1921[44]. Jobs were not easy to find at that time; and other members left the district by choice or by necessity. Although the members continued their original exploration and survey between 1919 and 1939, it was done on a much smaller scale. Most of the big, open shafts had already been descended; and the members had little inclination for the tight, wet holes which remained. The founder of the Craven Pothole Club in 1929, the late Albeit Mitchell, told me that he did approach the YRC with a view to membership, and that he found that it organised insufficient caving meets to satisfy his interest. Those cavers who had the tenacity to explore these smaller holes were not attracted to the YRC They formed the Bradford Pothole, Craven Pothole, Gritstone, and Northern Cavern & Fell Clubs which continued the tradition which had been started by the YRC Nevertheless, the YRC cooperated with these clubs in the management of the Cave Rescue Organisation[45], with the British Speleological Association[46], and with the Craven Pothole Club at Gaping Gill in 1931[47].

This speleological decline by the YRC in England and Wales continued after the Second World War, with little original work being done hi Yorkshire. New passage was found in Easegill in 1950[48] in Gaping Gill during 1951 and 1952[49], in the Lost John’s Master Cave in 1959[50], and in Blayshaw Gill Pot during 1969[51]. In South Wales a short extension to Dan-yr-Ogof was found in 1964[52], and in 1967 more spectacular passage was discovered in conjunction with the South Wales Caving Club[53]. Useful work was done hi Ireland in 1947 1948[54] 1951[55], 1952[56], 1959[57], 1960, 1962[58] and 1963[59]. The post-war tendency was for the potholing members to cave with other clubs. Thus Dan Jones explored Fairy Holes with the Durham Cave Club[60]; and Arnold Patchett worked at Clapham Cave between 1946 and 1959 with the Bradford Pothole Club[61]. The 1964 extension to Oxlow Cavern in Derbyshire by the British Speleological Association involved a YRC member[62].

For many years, foreign speleological expeditious have been beyond the human and financial resources of any single club. Members of the YRC have therefore in recent years caved overseas with conspicuous success in joint expeditions. The first of these was to northern Italy with the Speleo Club de Paris in 1957[63]. The leader of the 1965 British expedition to the Edelweisserhuttenschacht was a newly elected YRC member[64] – David Judson – who was in 1967 a member of another expedition to Italy[65]. Further successful joint Italian expeditions took place in 1969[66] and 1970[67]. Turkey was the venue for inter-club expeditions in 1966 and 1967[68]. Four members in 1968 did original work in Lebanon with members of the Speleo Club de Liban[69], and returned the following year[70]. France was visited in 1972 as guests of the Speleo Club de Paris[71]. Ecuador was the venue in 1976[72] and Sardinia in 1980[73]. However, the most spectacular joint expeditions which involved YRC members were those to Ghar Parau, Iran, in 1971 and 1972[74].

One possible clue to the reasons for the decline of the YRC’s speleological activity towards the end of it’s first century comes from the late Ernest E. Roberts who had been, “…fortunate to see Lakeland before it was swamped by crowds and motors.”[75] It is clear from the pages of the YRC Journal that the Club has always attracted men with a love of the wide, open spaces; and the Yorkshire Dales fitted that description a centuiy ago. The traditional stamping grounds of the YRC are now swarTning with people. Caves and potholes have to be booked months in advance, and frequently have to be shared with other parties. There are still plenty of wilderness areas overseas; and I therefore believe that the speleological future of the YRC will increasingly lie in co-operation with inter-club overseas expeditions.

Appendix:

A Chronological List of Cave Explorations in the Craven Area by Members of the YRC up to 1945.

Mar. 1893 Yordas 15 men [76]
15- 16 Sep. 1894 Hull Pot “Large party” [77]
1- 3 June 1895 Manchester Hole T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, G.T. Lowe, L. Moore [78]
4 June 1895 Hell Hole S.W. Cuttriss [79]
5 Aug. 1895 Fox Holes (Cam) T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss [80]
5 Aug. 1895 Old Ing Cave T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, Dinsdale [81]
6 Aug. 1895 Capnut Cave (S.W. Cuttriss) [82]
18 Aug. 1895 Hell Hole T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss [83]
14-15 Sep. 1895 Gaping Gill A. Barran, E. Calvert, S.W. Cuttriss, T. Gray [84]
5 Oct. 1895 Gaping Gill (Jib Tunnel) H.H. Bellhouse, J.A. Green, P. Lund, Thompson [85]
Dec. 1895 Gaping Gill (Surface) T.S. Booth, B. Mason [86]
8 Feb. 1896 Hell Hole T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss [87]
3 Apr. 1896 Old Ing Cave S.W. Cuttriss, L. Moore [88]
3- 6 Apr. 1896 Browgill Cave, Calf Hole S.W. Cuttriss, L. Moore [89]
? Long Churn S.W. Cuttriss, F. Holtzman, L. Moore [90]
9-10 May 1896 Gaping Gill T.S. Booth, E. Calvert, S.W. Cuttriss, T. Gray, J.A. Green, L. Moore [91]
16-17 May 1896 Gaping Gill T.S. Booth, E. Calvert, S.W. Cuttriss, T. Gray, J.A. Green, F. Ellet, G. Emsley, R.J. Jefferson, A. Kirk, T. Lister, L. Moore [92]
23-26 May 1896 Gaping Gill (descended) T.S. Booth, E. Calvert, S.W. Cuttriss, F. Ellet, J.W. Firth, J.A. Green, B. Mason, Smith, (surface) A. Barran, F. Holtzman, G.T. Lowe, L. Moore, W. Ramsden, C.A. Scriven, W.C. Slingsby [93]
28 June 1896 Hell Hole T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, G.T. Lowe, L. Moore, C.A. Scriven, J.W. Swithinbank [94]
2 Aug. 1896 Dow Cave (Kettlewell) T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, G.T. Lowe, L. Moore, C.A. Scriven [95]
23 Aug. 1896 Clapham Cave E. Calvert, F. Ellet, J.A. Green [96]
6 Sep. 1896 Clapham Cave E. Calvert, F. Ellet, T. Gray, J.A. Green [97]
Oct. 1896 Long Kin West E. Calvert, F. Ellet [98]
4 Oct. 1896 Rowten Pot T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, G.T. Lowe, L. Moore, A. Riley, J.W. Swithinbank [99]
1895 or 1896 Hell Hole, Calf Hole et al. [100]
1896 Ben Scar Cave S.W. Cuttriss [101]
1896 Goyden Pot T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss [102]
16-19 Apr. 1897 Attermire & Jubilee Caves S.W. Cuttriss [103]
8 May 1897 Rowten Pot T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, Leach, C.A. Scriven [104]
13-16 May 1897 Long Kin West E. Calvert, F. Ellet, J.W. Firth, J.A. Green, B. Mason, W.C. Slingsby [105]
6- 7 June 1897 Rowten Pot T.S. Booth, E. Calvert, S.W. Cuttriss, F. Ellet, J.A. Green, G.T. Lowe, L. Moore, C.A. Scriven, Smith, J.W. Swithinbank
19-20 June 1897 Rowten Pot T.S. Booth, Braithwaite, S.W. Cuttriss, W. Parsons, C.A. Scriven, T. Somers, J.W. Swithinbank, H. Woodhouse
20 June 1897 Gingling Hole (Kingsdale) T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, W. Parsons, C.A. Scriven, T. Somers, J.W. Swithinbank, H. Woodhouse
21 June 1897 Bull Pot (Kingsdale) T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, C.A. Scriven, T. Somers, J.W. Swithinbank, H. Woodhouse
21 June 1897 Bull Pot T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, C.A. Scriven, T. Somers, J.W. Swithinbank, H. Woodhouse [106]
4- 5 July 1897 Rowten Pot T.S. Booth, Braithwaite, S.W. Cuttriss, W. Parsons, C.A. Scriven, T. Somers, J.W. Swithinbank, H. Woodhouse [107]
11 July 1897 Douk Cave (Ingle-borough) A. Barran, S.W. Cuttriss, T. Gray [108]
11-12 July 1898 Attermire Cave S.W. Cuttriss [109]
18-19 Sep. 1897 Sell Gill Hole E. Calvert, F. Ellet, T. Gray, P. Lund, B. Mason, W.C. Slingsby [110]
1897 Attermire Cave S.W. Cuttriss, T. Gray [111]
15 May 1898 Marble Steps W. Parsons, J.W. Swithinbank
28 May 1898 Bull Pot (Kingsdale) T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, W. Parsons, J.W. Swithinbank [112]
29 May 1898 Penyghent: Long Churn & Cross Pot E. Calvert, F. Ellet, J.A. Green [113]
May 1898 Hunt Pot E. Calvert, F. Ellet, J.A. Green [114]
28-30 May 1898 Death’s Head Hole (?) W. Parsons, J.W. Swithinbank [115]
10 July 1898 Batty Hole (Kingsdale) S.W. Cuttriss & 2 locals [116]
21 July 1898 Short Drop Cave to Gavel Pot J.H.Buckley, S.W.Cuttriss, J.W.Swithinbank [117]
24 Sep. 1898 Lost Johns Hole T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, L. Moore, W. Parsons, A. Riley J.W. Swithinbank [118]
1898 Witches Cave (Easegill) S.W. Cuttriss
1898 Hardrawkin S.W. Cuttriss
1898 Eye Holes (Leek) S.W. Cuttriss [119]
7 May 1898 Boggarts Roaring E. Calvert, T. Gray, P. Lund, W.C. Slingsby [120]
21 May 1899 Rumbling Hole S.W. Cuttriss, G.T. Lowe, W. Parsons, J.W. Swithinbank, H. Woodhouse [121]
21-22 May 1899 Cow Pot (Leek Fell) S.W. Cuttriss, G.T. Lowe,, W. Parsons, J.W. Swithinbank
21-22 May 1899 Bull Pot of the Witches S.W. Cuttriss, W. Parsons, J.W. Swithinbank [122]
1 Oct. 1899 Sell Gill Hole J.C. Atkinson, A. Barran, J.N. Barran, T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, J.A. Green, T. Gray, S. Kitson, Lewis Moore, W. Parsons, H. Priestman, A. Riley, C.A. Scriven, W.C. Slingsby [123]
22 July 1900 Alum Pot T.S. Booth, S.W. Cuttriss, T. Gray, L. Moore, A. Riley, W. Parsons, C.A. Scriven, J.W. Swithinbank
28 Sep. 1902 Diccan Pot [124]
29 May – 1 June 1903 Gaping Gill T.S. Booth, J.H. Buckley, H. Brodrick, W. Brown, F. Constantine, S.W. Cuttriss, A.R. Dwerryhouse, R.J. Farrer, H. Harrison, A.E. Horn, C.A. Hill, P.F. Kendall, P. Lamb, W.W. Newbould, W. Parsons, J.W. Puttrell, E.P. Sykes, W.E. Waud, H. Woodhouse [125]
June 1903 Clapham Cave C.A. Hill et al. [126]
Sep. 1903 Dunald Mill Hole S.W. Cuttriss [127]
26-27 Sep. 1903 High Douk, Mere Gill, Rowten 19 men [128]
21 May 1904 Jockey Hole T.S. Booth, Blum, J.H. Buckley, H. Brodrick, F. Constantine S.W. Cuttriss, C. Hastings, J.A. Green, C.A. Hill, L. Moore, J.W. Swithinbank
21-22 May 1904 Rift Pot T.S. Booth, Blum, J.H. Buckley, H. Brodrick, F. Constantine, S.W. Cuttriss, C. Hastings, J.A. Green, C.A. Hill, L. Moore, J.W. Swithinbank [129]
26 June 1904 Fluted Hole (Newby Moss) H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, J.A. Green, C. Hastings, C.A. Hill [130]
21-22 Aug. 1904 Rift Pot T.S. Booth, H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, F. Constantine, S.W. Cuttriss, J.A. Green, C. Hastings, C.A. Hill, A.E. Horn, W. Parsons, C.A. Scriven [131]
21 Apr. 1905 Sulber Pot, Juniper Gulf E.A. Baker, H. Brodrick, C.A. Hill
22 Apr. 1905 Marble Pot E.A. Baker, H. Brodrick, C. Hastings, C.A. Hill, P. Lamb
23 Apr. 1905 Bridge Pot Thorn Pot(Newby Moss) E.A. Baker, H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, C. Hastings, C.A. Hill
? Cross Pot(Newby Moss) E.A. Baker, H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, C. Hastings, C.A. Hill,
Rosebay Pot E.A. Baker,, H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, C. Hastings, C.A. Hill, P. Lamb,
Apr. 1905 Gritstone Pot F. Botterill et al.
11 June 1905 Pillar Pot T.S. Booth, H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, S.W. Cuttriss, C. Hastings, J.A. Green, C.A. Hill, W. Parsons [132]
10-12 June 1905 Long Kin West T.S. Booth, H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, J.A. Green, C.A. Hill, C. Hastings, P. Lamb, W. Parsons [133]
9 July 1905 Gaping Gill (descent)T.S. Booth, Botterill, J.H. Buckley, C. Hastings, A.E. Horn, W. Parsons (surface) J.A. Green, Kinnaird, L. Moore [134]
Summer 1905 Clapham Cave C.A. Hill et al. [135]
Oct. 1905 Scosca Cave J.B.Barnes, (F.)Botterill, H.Brodrick, J.H.Buckley, C.A.Hill [136]
1905 Hunt Pot F. Botterill [137]
1905 Meregill (surface) F. Payne [138]
24 Mar. 1906 Cove Hole (Ribblehead) F. Botterill, M. Botterill
13-16 Apr. 1906 Blayshaw Gill 1 & 2 S.W. Cuttriss, C. Hastings [139]
Easter 1906 Gritstone Pot, Boggarts Roaring, Bull Pot (Kingsdale) Jingling Hole F. Payne, E.E. Roberts, [140]
5- 7 June 1906 Gaping Gill (descent) A. Barran, Mrs. Barran, T.S. Booth, Miss Booth, F. Botterill, Mrs. Boyes, J.H. Buckley, R.A. Chadwick, S.W. Cuttriss, C. Hastings, A.E. Horn, F. Horsell, G.L. Hudson, W. Parsons, J.W. Puttrell, P. Robinson, W. Simpson, W.C. Slingsby, Miss Slingsby, H. Williamson (surface) H. Brodrick, F. Constantine, A.R. Dwerryhouse, J.A. Green, C.A. Hill, F. Leach, G.T. Lowe, L. Moore [141]
17 June 1906 Hunt Pot F. Botterill
24 June 1906 Nick Pot (F.) Botterill, J.H. Buckley [142]
28-29 July 1906 Gaping Gill T.S. Booth, (F.) Botterill, J.H. Buckley, R.A. Chadwick F. Constantine, S.W. Cuttriss, C. Hastings, F. Horsell, H. Williamson [143]
1906 Meregill (surface) F. Payne, E.E. Roberts [144]
18-21 May 1907 Gaping Gill T.S. Booth, J.H. Buckley, R.A. Chadwick S.W. Cuttriss, R.J. Farrer, C. Hastings, A.E. Horn, E.G. Ireland, F. Leach, W.G. Ledgard, L.A. Lowe, P. Robinson, A. Rule, Waud [145]
18-20 June 1907 Mere Gill Clarke, B. Hoessly, F. Payne, Mrs. Payne, Miss Payne, E.E. Roberts, H. Williamson [146]
21-22 Sep. 1907 Gaping Gill E.T.W. Addyman, T.S. Booth, F. Buckley, J.H. Buckley, F. Constantine, S.W. Cuttriss, J.A. Green, C. Hastings, A.E. Horn, L. Horn, F. Leach [147]
6-8 June 1908 Bull Pot & Jingling Pot(Kingsdale) C.R. Barran, H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, L.S. Chappell, C. Hastings, A.E. Horn, G.L. Hudson, L. Moore, W. Robertshaw,P. Robinson, A. Rule
June 1908 Double Three C. Hastings, P. Robinson
? Jingling Pot, Thorney Pot, Sheepfold Pot [148]
? Meregill F. Payne et al.
4 July 1908 Meregill E.T.W. Addyman, W.F. Boyd, J. de V. Hazard, B. Hoessly, Oechlin, F. Payne, E.E. Roberts, H. Williamson [149]
July 1908 Swinsto H. Brodrick, C.A. Hill, A. Rule [150]
19 Sep. 1908 Alum Pot (via Long Churn) E.T.W. Addyman, F.H. Barstow, M. Botterill, W.F. Boyd, J. Buckley, J.H. Buckley, B. Hoessly, Mattley, A. Palmer, W.E. Palmer, Shaw, H. Williamson [151]
Sep. 1908 Rumbling Hole T.S. Booth, J.H. Buckley, A.E. Horn, G. Seatree, C.R.B. Wingfield
? Gavel Pot T.S. Booth, A.E. Horn, W. Parsons, G. Seatree, C.R.B. Wingfield
9-12 Apr. 1909 Hawes Gill Wheel C. Hastings, G.L. Hudson, F. Leach
24 Apr. 1909 Hardrawkin E.T.W. Addyman, F. Payne, E.E. Roberts [152]
28-31 May 1909 Gaping Gill F.H. Barstow, T.S. Booth, J.H. Buckley, L.S. Chappell, J.N. Collie, H.E.J. Dalton, J. de V. Hazard, A.E. Horn, E.E. Roberts, A. Rule, C.B.R. Wingfield [153]
3 June 1909 Sunset Hole E.T.W. Addyman, E.E. Roberts [154]
26 June 1909 Car Pot H. Brodrick, A. Rule
3 or 4 July 1909 Car Pot C.R. Barran, H. Bassett, T.S. Booth, H. Brodrick, J. Buckley, J.H. Buckley, Corbett, Goodacre, C. Hastings, C.A. Hill, A.E. Horn, A. Rule [155]
16- 19 July 1909 Gaping Gill (Rat Hole & Spout Tunnel) O.J. Addyman, A.E. Horn, W. Parsons, A. Rule, C.R.B. Wingfield [156]
2 Aug. 1909 Scosca Cave E.T.W. Addyman [157]
18-19 Sep. 1909 Scosca Cave [158]
19 Sep. 1909 Sunset Hole E.T.W. Addyman, E.E. Roberts [159]
26-27 Sep. 1909 Clapham Cave G.W. Lloyd [160]
15 May 1910 Sunset Hole E.T.W. Addyman, W.F. Boyd, J. de V. Hazard, F. Payne, E.E. Roberts, W.M. Roberts, Miss Stevenson, R.F. Stobart [161]
12-16 May 1910 Gaping Gill (Rat Hole & Spout Tunnel) F.H. Barstow, H. Bassett, T.S. Booth, H. Brodrick, T.R. Burnett L.S. Chappell, H.E.J. Dalton, W.P. Haskett-Smith, C. Hastings, Miss Ingleby, A. Rule, G. Seatree, L. Slingsby, W.C. Slingsby, C.B.R. Wingfield, and guests [162]
14-16 May 1910 Meregill E.T.W. Addyman, J. de V. Hazard, F. Payne, E.E. Roberts, W.M. Roberts, R.F. Stobart, H. Williamson [163]
11-13 June 1910 Gaping Gill T.S. Booth, H. Brodrick, J.M. Davidson, P. Robinson, A. Rule, L. Slingsby, C.B.R. Wingfield [164]
12 June 1910 SE. of Car Pot
17- 18 Sep. 1910 Sunset / Braithwaite Wife T.S. Booth, H.E. Kentish, J.G. Stobart, R.F. Stobart, C.B.R. Wingfield [165]
Oct. 1910 Sleets Gill, Dowkabottom C. Hastings [166]
Nov. 1910 Little Hull Hole F.H. Barstow, A.E. Horn, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [167]
Nov. 1910 New Year Pot E.E. Roberts, Stobart [168]
1910 Gingling Hole(Fountains Fell) F .H. Barstow
Mar. 1911 Gingling Hole(Fountains Fell) [169]
2 Apr. 1911 New Year Pot F.H. Barstow, H.E.J. Dalton, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [170]
3-5 June 1911 Meregill E.T.W. Addyman, J. de V. Hazard, F. Payne, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [171]
3- 5 June 1911 Gaping Gill W.V. Brown, H. Brodrick, L.S. Chappell, H.E.J. Dalton, C. Hastings, A.E. Horn, A. Rule, J.S. Thomas [172]
23 June 1911 Swinsto H. Bassett, H. Brodrick, J.P.A. Dear, R.D. Farrow, A. Rule [173]
Aug. 1911 Diccan Pot, Gatekirk Cave, Long Churn Cave, Sunset Hole Weathercote Cave W.V. Brown, Mrs. Brown [174]
29 Oct. 1911 Little Hull Hole F.H. Barstow, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [175]
30 Oct. 1911 Little Hull Hole F.H. Barstow, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart, et 3 al. [176]
1911 Meregill E.T.W. Addyman, J. de V. Hazard, F. Payne, E.E. Roberts
Aug. 1912 Meregill E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [177]
4 May 1912 Little Hull E.T.W. Addyman, F.H. Barstow, L.S. Chappell, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [178]
25-27 May 1912 Gaping Gill F.H. Barstow, W.V. Brown, H. Brodrick, J.H. Buckley, H.E.J. Dalton, A.A. Hall, A. Rule, Stenhouse, C.B.R. Wingfield, et 15 al. [179]
27 May 1912 Meregill E.T.W. Addyman, J. de V. Hazard, F. Payne, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart, Wilson [180]
13&30 June 1912 Goyden Pot F.H. Barstow, R.F. Stobart [181]
12 July 1912 Penyghent: Long Churn E.T.W. Addyman, C. Hastings, G.L. Hudson, E.E. Roberts, J.G. Stobart, R.F. Stobart
13 July 1912 Cowskull Pot E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart
? Cross Pot E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart
14 July 1912 Sell Gill Hole E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart
12-14 July 1912 Browgill Cave E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [182]
5 Oct. 1912 Alum Pot [183]
6 Oct. 1912 Penyghent: Long Churn E.T.W. Addyman, C. Hastings, G.L. Hudson, E.E. Roberts, J.G. Stobart, R.F. Stobart
Oct. 1912 Greensett Cave A. Charlesworth, E.E. Roberts [184]
1912 GillheadPots M. Botterill, J.F. Seaman [185]
1912 Clapham Cave H. Brodrick et al
1913 Clapham Cave H. Brodrick [186]
10-12 May 1913 Gaping Gill T.S. Booth, H. Brodrick, C. Hastings, L. Moore, P. Robinson, A. Rule, C.B.R. Wingfield, et 16 al. [187]
10-12 May 1913 Little Hull Hole Miss Bowden, J. de V. Hazard, F. Payne, Mrs. Payne, Miss Payne, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [188]
7,15*30 June 1913 Fox Holes (Clapham) H. Brodrick, C.A. Hill et al.
Aug. 1913 Fox Holes (Clapham) C.A. Hill, A. Rule et al.
Aug. 1913 Diccan Pot W.V. Brown, W.G. Ledgard, CD. Frankland [189]
20 Sep. 1913 Clapham Cave H. Brodrick, C.A. Hill et al [190]
30 May-1 June 1914 Meregill E.T.W. Addyman, O.J. Addyman, F.H. Barstow, Miss Capper, F. Payne, Mrs. Payne, Miss Payne, E.E. Roberts, R. Sanderson, S. Sanderson, R.F. Stobart, Mrs. Stobart [191]
July 1914 Fox Holes H. Brodrick, C. Hastings, C.A. Hill et al [192]
Sep. 1915 Calf Pot (Upper) A. Charlesworth, E.E. Roberts
6 Sep. 1918 Dismal Hill Hole F. Payne, E.E. Roberts
18-21 Apr. & 7 June 1919 High Hull Pot J. de V. Hazard, E.E. Roberts
7 June 1919 Hull Pot F. Payne, Miss D. Pilley, S. Sanderson, R.F. Stobart
7 June 1919 Ribble Swallow F. Payne et al.
7-9 June 1919 Deaths Head Pot.Gavel Pot.Rumbling Hole
7-9 June 1919 Sell Gill Hole F. Payne, Miss D. Pilley, R.F. Stobart
8-9 June 1919 Hardrawkin J. de V. Hazard, F. Payne, Miss D. Pilley, E.E. Roberts, S. Sanderson, R.F. Stobart [193]
22-25 May 1920 Gaping Gill/ Flood Entrance E.T.W. Addyman, J.C. Appleyard, F.S.Booth, T.S.Booth, J.Buckley, C.E.Burrow, D.Burrow, C.Chubb, W.Clarkson J.Coulton, J.D.Ellis, G.L.Hudson, T.Lovett, E.E.Roberts, P.Robinson, C.B.R. Wingfield et 13 al. [194]
1920 Disappointment [195]
1920 Clapham Cave A. Bonner, E.E. Roberts [196]
6 Feb. 1921 Scosca Cave [197]
13-17 May 1921 Gaping Gill, Car Pot, Nettle Pot, Nick Pot C.E. Burrow, D. Burrow, J.H. Buckley, J.D. Ellis, G.L. Hudson, E.E. Roberts, et 23 al. [198]
1 July 1921 Old Ing Cave 7 members [199]
Aug. 1921 Diccan Pot CD. Frankland, W.V. Brown [200]
8-10 Oct. 1921 Goyden Pot, Manchester Hole
10 Oct. 1921 Eglins Hole J. Buckley, E.E. Roberts
26 Mar. 1922 Penny Pot C.E. Burrow, CD. Frankland, J.N. Longfield, E.E. Roberts, J.F. Seaman
26 Mar. 1922 Scosca Cave J.N. Longfield, E.E. Roberts
27 Mar. 1922 Gillhead Pots CD. Frankland, E.E. Roberts
7 May 1922 Stump Cross
18 May 1922 Pillar Pots 2 & 3
May 1922 Hull Pot E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [201]
May 1922 Little Hull Hole J.D. Ellis, Legge, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart
3- 5 June 1922 Diccan Pot W.V. Brown, CD. Frankland, J. Hilton [202]
2- 4 June 1922 High Hull E.T.W. Addyman, R.F. Stobart [203]
2- 4 June 1922 Gaping Gill H.P. Devenish [204]
4 June 1922 Little Hull Hole E.T.W. Addyman, N. Bates, J.D. Ellis, Mrs. Ellis, Legge, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart [205]
6 June 1922 Hunt Pot J.D. Ellis, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart, et 1 al [206]
7 June 1922 Diccan Pot W.V. Brown, CD. Frankland, J. Hilton, R.F. Stobart [207]
2 July & 17 Sep. 1922 Alum Pot A.S. Lowden
9-10 Dec. 1922 Manchester Hole [208]
1922 GoydenPot at least 15 men [209]
Dec. 1922 Angerholm J. Buckley
Mar. 1923 ? J.H. Buckley, H.P. Devenish, E.E. Roberts
31 Mar.-2 Apr. 1923 Marble Steps Pot B. Holden, A. Humphreys, H. Humphreys
Apr. 1923 Hell Hole (Wharfedale) [210]
19-21 May 1923 Diccan Pot W.V. Brown, J.M. Davidson, CD. Frankland, J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts [211]
June 1923 Angerholm J.D. Ellis, E.E. Roberts [212]
7 July 1923 Diccan Pot W.V. Brown, CD. Frankland, J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts [213]
23 July 1923 Gingling Hole (Fountains Fell) W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts [214]
29 Mar. 1924 Cuddy Gill Cave & Pot, Gunnerfieet Cave W.V. Brown, C.E. Burrow, E.E. Roberts
10 May 1924 Gunnerfieet Cave A.S. Lowden, E.E. Roberts [215]
1924 Tub Hole, Dentdale [216]
6 June 1924 Gaping Gill Barran jr., F.S. Booth, W.V. Brown, Buckley, C.E. Burrow H.P. Devenish, CD. Frankland, M. Gaunt, J. Hilton, A.E. Horn, E.D. Hollis, A.S. Lowden, Mallinson, Richardson, E.E. Roberts, P. Robinson, J.F. Seaman
28 June 1924 Gingling Hole (Fountains Fell) W.V. Brown, H.P. Devenish, J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart, Wright [217]
17 Aug. 1924 High Hull J. Hilton, A.S. Lowden, E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart
18 Aug. 1924 KeldBank Spring E.E. Roberts, R.F. Stobart
23 Aug. 1924 Juniper Gulf 6 men
Aug. 1924 Holme Hill Cave
10 May 1925 Blayshaw Gill No. 2 F.H. Barstow, D.G. Culross, A.S. Lowden, E.E. Roberts
31 May 1925 Marble Steps Pot Anderson, F.S. Booth, H.S. Booth, W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, A.S. Lowden, E.E. Roberts
21 June 1925 Blayshaw Gill No. 1 D.G.Culross, A.S.Lowden, E.E.Roberts, W.L.Sutcliffe
27- 28 June 1925 Marble Steps Pot Anderson, F.S. Booth, H.S. Booth, W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, A.S. Lowden, E.E. Roberts [218]
18-19 July 1925 Diccan Pot W.V. Brown, F.S. Booth, H.P. Devenish, J. Hilton, E.D. Hollis, E.E. Roberts [219]
2 Aug. 1925 Yordas Cave E.T.W. Addyman, D.G. Culross, E.E. Roberts, W.L. Sutcliffe
21 Mar. 1926 Bull Pot of the Witches W.V. Brown, E.D. Evans, E.E. Roberts
23 May 1926 Rowten Pot F.S.Booth, W.V.Brown, C.D.Frankland, J.Hilton, E.E.Roberts
11 July 1926 Gavel Pot F.S. Booth, W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts [220]
12 July 1926 Rumbling Hole F.S. Booth, W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts [221]
1926 Boggarts Roaring CD. Frankland, E.E. Roberts [222]
4- 6 June 1927 Gaping Gill Large party [223]
19 June 1927 Hidden Pot (Barbon) E.E. Roberts, E.J. Woodman
16 July 1927 Bull Pot, Kingsdale F.S. Booth, H.S. Booth, W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts, S.H. Whitaker
July 1927 Bull Pot of the Witches, Foss Gill Pot, Swindale Pots CD. Frankland, B. Beetham [224]
28- 29 Aug. 1927 Gaping Gill Large parties [225]
3- 4 Sep. 1927 Gaping Gill Large parties [225]
11 Sep. 1927 Jockey Pot F.S. Booth, H.S. Booth, E.E. Roberts
11 Mar. 1928 Goyden Pot
May 1928 Goyden Pot [226]
26-28 May 1928 Gaping Gill
26-28 May 1928 Lost John’s Hole J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts, S.H. Whitaker, et al
? Short Drop Cave E.E. Roberts, S.H. Whitaker [227]
1928 Foss Gill Pot CD. Frankland [228]
23 Mar. 1929 Goyden Pot C.E. Benson, G.C Marshall, E.E. Roberts, H. Yates
16 June 1929 Goyden Pot W.V.Brown, J.Hilton, G.C.Marshall, E.E.Roberts, H.Yates [229]
30 June 1929 Long Kin West
Aug. 1929 Scot Hole Pots
Aug. 1929 Hollow Mill Pots A. Butterfield, G.C. Marshall, E.E. Roberts, B.J. Wood, H. Yates
27 Oct. 1929 Blue John Hole(Swaledale) E.E. Roberts, H. Yates
8 Mar. 1930 Clapham Cave A. Bonner, E.E. Roberts
9 Mar. 1930 Pillar Pot
7-9 June 1930 Lost John’s Hole W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, G.C. Marshall, E.E. Roberts, H. Yates, & 4 guests
May 1930 Jingling Cave
13 July 1930 Lost John’s Hole A.E. Bottomley, W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, B. Nelstrop, E.E. Roberts, H. Yates [230]
27-28 Sep. 1930 Long Kin East & Rift Pot 20 members [231]
1930 Goyden H. Armstrong, A. Butterfield, B. Nelstrop, H. Yates
11 Apr. 1931 Goyden Dean, W.F. Higgins, B. Nelstrop, H. Yates
3 May 1931 Goyden H. Yates et al.
10 May 1931 Goyden A. Butterfield, H. Yates [232]
23-25 May 1931 Gaping Gill F.S. Booth [233]
30 May 1931 Goyden A. Butterfield, E.E. Roberts, H. Yates
5 June&26 July 1931 Goyden A. Butterfield, W.F. Higgins, B. Nelstrop, B. Yates
31 Aug. 1931 Goyden A. Butterfield, B. Nelstrop, H. Yates
Sep. 1931 Rumbling Hole W.F. Higgins, E.E. Roberts, H. Yates
8 Nov. 1931 Goyden A. Butterfield, A.E. Heys, W.F. Higgins, B. Nelstrop, E.E. Roberts, H. Yates
21 Nov. 1931 Rumbling Hole Dean, W.F. Higgins, H. Yates,
Feb. 1932 Goyden
Mar. 1932 Goyden
20 Mar. 1932 Goyden W.F. Higgins, B. Nelstrop, H. Yates
23 Apr. 1932 Goyden [234]
1 May 1932 Giants Grave JLockey Cave W.F. Higgins, E.E. Roberts, J. Williamson, H. Yates [235]
15 May 1932 Gaping Gill & Flood Exit H. Armstrong, F.S. Booth, C.E. Burrow, J. Crowe, J. Hilton, Marshall, E.H. Sale, H. Yates [236]
22 May 1932 Penyghent House & Upper Heselden 1,11 A. Butterfield, H. Yates [237]
4 June 1932 Goyden [238]
18 June 1932 Birks Fell Cave W.V. Brown, E.E. Roberts [239]
26 June 1932 Rumbling Hole W.V. Brown, Dean, W.F. Higgins, B. Nelstrop, E.E. Roberts, Vivian, H. Yates [240]
June 1932 Bishopdale Gavel Pot III C.E. Burrow, J. Hilton [241]
10 July 1932 Marble Steps 15 men [242]
July 1932 Bishopdale Gavel Pot III W.V. Brown, J. Hilton, E.E. Roberts [243]
24-25 Sep. 1932 Goyden [244]
Sep. 1932 Bruntscar& Ivescar E.E. Roberts [245]
1 Oct. 1932 Goyden E.E. Roberts, H. Yates et al.
Dec. 1932 Goyden W.F. Higgins, Mariner, B. Nelstrop, H. Yates [246]
7 Apr. 1933 Bishopdale Gavel Pots V & VI [247]
7 May 1933 Rowten Pot
2- 6 June 1933 Gaping Gill J.D. Brown et al
5 June 1933 Marble Pot W.F. Higgins, B. Nelstrop, E.E. Roberts, H. Yates [248]
June 1933 Jingle Pot (Hubberholme) F.S. Booth, W.V. Brown, E.E. Roberts
2 July 1933 Long Kin East – Rift Pot J.D. Brown, W.V. Brown, W.F. Higgins, J. Hilton,B. Nelstrop, E.E. Roberts, B.J. Wood, H. Yates [249]
10 Sep. 1933 Lost Johns Hole 3 members [250]
1933 Tub Hole, Dentdale J.A. Holmes [251]
Feb. 1934 Scosca Cave P. Armstrong, E.E. Roberts
Apr. 1934 Scosca Cave P. Armstrong, E.E. Roberts, J. Williamson
June 1934 Bishopdale Gavel Pot IV P. Armstrong, J. Hilton, F.W. Stembridge, H.L. Stembridge, E.E. Roberts
Sep. 1934 Douk Cave (Ingleborough) B. Beetham, E.E. Roberts
1934 Yockenthwaite Pot P. Armstrong, E.E. Roberts
1934 Aygill Cave, East Gill Cave, Rosebush Pot J.D. Brown, H.G. Watts
5- 6 May 1935 Meergill 6 members
May 1935 Helmsley Windypits W.V. Brown, E.E. Roberts [252]
9 June 1935 Gaping Gill H. Armstrong, F.S. Booth, Brown, C. Chubb, J.M. Davidson, Leach, T. Lovett, H.L. Stembridge, F.W. Stembridge [253]
Sep. 1935 Goyden B Nelstrop, E.E. Roberts, J. Wood
Nov. 1935 Helmsley Windypits W.V. Brown, E.E. Roberts
Jan. 1936 Nick Pot II F. S. Booth [254]
Mar. 1936 Helmsley Windypit V G. S. Gowing, E.E. Roberts, H. Thompson, S. Thompson, H. Stevens
Apr. 1936 Helmsley Windypits IV E. E. Roberts, H.L. Stembridge, F.W. Stembridge [255]
June 1938 Gaping Gill F. S. Booth, J.T.H. Godley, B. Nelstrop, A.W.A. Matheson, J. Rigg, E.E. Roberts, J.F. Wardle
June 1939 Stot Rakes Cave J.C. Addyman, E.E. Roberts
1939 Litton Upper Shaft J. Rigg, E.E. Roberts [256]
1-8 Aug. 1942 Otter’s Cave E.E. Roberts [257]

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to the YRC for access to its library, and to Dr. T.R Shaw for reading the manuscript and for his helpful comments.

References

[1] Hutton J. (1781) “A Tour to the Caves in the environs of Ingleborough and Settle in the West Riding of Yorkshire.” (London: Richardson & Urquhart, 2nd. ed.).

[2] Banks W.S. (1866) “Walks in Yorkshire North-West and North-East” pp. 66 – 72. (London: Russell-Smith).

[3] Craven Weekly Pioneer 7 May 1870 (Skipton).

[4] Hastings C.(1926) J.Gritstone Club J. (1) reprinted (1930) lYRC. Q. 60-62.

[5] Craven Pioneer (1879) 24 May p. 2 (Skipton). Tate T. (1880) “The Source of the River Aire” Proc. Yorks. Geol. & Polytech. Soc. 1.(2), 177 – 186.

[6] Proc. Yorks. Geol. & Polytech. Soc. (1900) (n.s.) 14. 1 – 44. (1904) (n.s.),li. 248 – 304.

[7] Yorkshire Weekly Post (1898) 25 June p. 9 (Leeds).

[8] Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society Minute Books (University of Leeds Library).

[9] Anon. (1902) “Kyndwr Club Notes” Climbers’ Club J. 1. (16), 182 – 183. Kyndwr Club Log & Minute Books (Derby BoroughLibrary).

[10] Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society Minute Book 9 May 1899 (University of Leeds Library).

[11] Craven S.A. (1976) J. YRC. 11. 170 – 172.

[12] Craven S.A. (1976) British Caver 64. 27 – 35.

[13] Toothill F. (1904) Leeds Mercury Weekly Supplement 24 Sep. p. 4 (Leeds). Botterill M. (1929) J. YRC.l. 309 – 310.

[14] Baker E.A. (1906) “A Visit to Mitchelstown Cave” The Irish Naturalist 15. (2), 29- 36. (1907)”A Visit to Mitchelstown Cave” pp. 159 – 167 in Baker E.A. & Balch H.E. “The Netherworld of Mendip” (London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co.). Hill C.A (1908) “Mitchelstown Cave” The Irish Naturalist 17. (11), 239 – 240. Brodrick H. (1908) “The Marble Arch Caves in Co. Fermanagh” The Irish Naturalist 17. (11), 240 – 241. (1908) J. YRC. 2. 291 – 305 (1909) Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 27. Sect. B, (9), 183 – 192. (1909) J. YRC. 3. 49 – 65. (Brigg W.A.) (1909) J. YRC. 3. 95. (1910) J. YRC. 3. 206, 207. Baker E. A. & Wingfield C.R.(B.) (1913) J. YRC. 4. 138 – 144. Baker E.A. & Kentish H.E. (1913) J. YRC. 4. 128 – 137. Baker E. A. (1932) “Caving” pp. 120 – 209 (London: Chapman & Hall). Gowing G.S. (1936) J. YRC. 6. 320 – 328. Bartlett P.N. (1936) J. YRC. 6. 329 – 331. (Roberts E.E.) (1936) J. YRC. 6. 349 – 350. Bartlett P.N. (1938) J. YRC. 7. 35 – 42. Gowing G.S. (1938) J. YRC. 7. 43 – 51. (Roberts E.E.) (1938) J. YRC. 7. 79 – 81. (1947) J. YRC. 7. 144 – 152. (1947) J. YRC. 7. 177 – 178. Holmes J.A (1949) J. YRC. 7. 233. Praeger R.L. (1969) “The Way that I went” pp. 110, 322 – 327 (Dublin: Allen Figgis; 2nd. ed.).

[16] J. YRC. (1938) 7. 52- 61.

[17] J. YRC. (1909) 3. 96 – 97.

[18] J. YRC. (1910) 3. 206.

[19] J. YRC. (1912)4. 81.

[20] J. YRC. (1921) 4. 275.

[21] J. YRC. (1922) 5. 135 – 140.

[22] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 240 – 242.

[23] J. YRC. (1911)5. 313.

[24] J. YRC. (1909) 3. 101.

[25] Baker E.A. (1932) “Caving” pp. 210 – 246 (London: Chapman & Hall).

[26] J. YRC. (1930) 6. 122 – 126.        (1936) 6. 308 – 313.

[27] Allsup W. (1934) “Notes on Walking around Shillong” pp. 63 – 65. J. YRC. (1949) 7. 277.

[28] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 235 – 239.

[29] Hill C.A. (1911) “The Cave of the Dragon: Majorca” J. YRC. 3. 275 – 285.

[30] J. YRC. (1936) 6. 304- 307.

[31] Brodrick H. (1905) “Notes on the geological features of Rift Pot” J. YRC. 2. 157 – 159. Dwerryhouse A.R. (1907) “Limestone caverns and pot-holes and their mode of origin” J. YRC. 2. 223 – 228. Dwerryhouse A.R. (n.d.) “Geology” (London: Jack). Anon. (1934) “Samuel Wells Cuttriss” J. YRC. 6. 245.

[32] Brodrick H.(1924) “Fox Holes, Clapdale-A Rock Shelter” J.YRC.5.112 116

[33] H(ill) C.(A.) (1911) “Speleo-entomology” J. YRC. 3. 298 – 299.

[34] Green J.A. et al. (1911) “Cave exploration” pp. 230- 238 in The Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire (ed.) “The Encyclopaedia of Sport and Games 3. Hunting – Racing” (London: William Heinemann).

[35] Roberts E.E. (1910) “The Accident to Mr. Boyd” J. YRC. 3. 179- 185. Craven Herald (1935) 14 June p. 2. J. YRC. (1936) 6. 373 – 374.

[36] The Bradford Observer (1895) 3 Aug. p. 5.

[37] (Watts H.G.) (1947) “Edouard Alfred Maitel” J. YRC. 7. 105.

[38] J. YRC. (1902)L xii-xiv.

[39] Kendall P.F. & Wroot H.E. (1924) “Geology of Yorkshire” pp. viii, 476, 533, 534, 826.

[40] Dwerryhouse A.R. (n.d.) “Geology” (London: Jack) pp. vii + 301.

[41] Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society Minute Book 14 Nov. 1899 (University of Leeds Library).

[42] Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society Minute Books (University of Leeds Library).

[43] Howes C. (1989) “To Photograph Darkness” p. 204. (Gloucester: Alan Sutton).

[44] J. YRC. (1921)4. 251 – 266.

[45] Northern Cavern & Fell Club Log Book (1934) 8.  West Yorkshire Pioneer (1935) 22 Mar. p.10 (Skipton). J. YRC. (1960) 9. 107.

[46] Hensler E. (1937) Caves and Caving (2), 79. Grainger B.M. (1937) Caves and Caving (3), 110-112.

[47] Craven Herald (1931) 26 June p. 6.

[48] J. YRC. (1954) 8. 85.

[49] J. YRC. (1954) 8. 13 – 18.

[50] J. YRC. (1960) 9. 41 – 45, 92.

[51] J. YRC. (1970) 10. 376.

[52] J. YRC. (1964) 9. 331.

[53] J. YRC. (1968) 10. 247 – 253.

[54] J. YRC. (1949) 7. 233 – 247, 266 – 268, 274.

[55] J. YRC. (1954) 8. 3 – 8.

[56] J. YRC. (1954) 8. 83.

[57] J. YRC. (1960) 9. 52 – 66, 90 – 91.

[58] J. YRC. (1962) 9. 205 – 210.

[59] J. YRC. (1964) 9. 321 – 328.

[60] J. YRC. (1957) 8. 118 – 126.

[61] J. YRC. (1960) 9. 1 – 8.

[62] J. YRC. (1964)9. 331. J. YRC. (1966) 10. 89 -92.

[63] J. YRC. (1960) 9. 23 – 31, 92.

[64] Judson D.M. (1965) J. Craven Pothole Club 3. 242 – 243. J. YRC. (1966) 10. 18 – 33.

[65] Judson D.M. (1967) J. Craven Pothole Club 4.48 – 52.    J. YRC. (1968) 10. 152 – 158.

[66] J. YRC. (1970) 10. 352 – 355.

[67] Whalley J.(C.) & Judson D.(M.) (1969) J. Craven Pothole Club 4. 138 – 141. Judson D.M. (1970) J. Craven Pothole Club 4.] 189 – 191. J. YRC. (1970) 10. 371 – 372.

[68] J. YRC. (1968) 10. 189 – 219.

[69] J. YRC. (1968) 10. 261.

[70] J. YRC. (1970) 10. 315 – 335.

[71] J. YRC. (1973) 11. 44 – 52.

[72] Judson D.M. & Whalley J.C. (1976) J. Craven Pothole Club 5. 188 – 194. . YRC. (1979) J_l. 227 – 234.

[73] Allanach D. et al. (1980) J. Craven Pothole Club 6. 80- 106.

[74] Judson D.M. (1971) J. Craven Pothole Club 4. 259 – 260.   (1972) J. Craven Pothole Club 4. 299 – 301.  J. YRC. (1973) 11. 1 – 29. Judson D.(M.) (1973) “Ghar Parau” (London: Cassell).

[75] J. YRC. (1960)9. 73.

[76] Leeds Mercury Weekly Supplement (1893) 25 Mar. p. 8 (Leeds) YRC. Annual Report 1892-3 p. 11.

[77] YRC. Annual Report 1893-4 p. 10.

[78] YRC. Annual Report 1894-5 p. 15. Leeds Mercury Weekly Supplement (1895) 15 June (Leeds).

[79] Cuttriss MS. June 1896. (YRC. Library) Yorkshire Weekly Post (1895) 24 Aug. p. 5 (Leeds).

[80] Cuttriss MS. No. 55. (YRC. Library)

[81] Cuttriss MS. No. 42. (YRC. Library) Simpson MS. (Folder 29) (British Spel. Assn. records).

[82] Cuttriss MS. No. 37. (YRC. Library)

[83] Cuttriss MS. June 1896. (YRC. Library) Yorkshire Weekly Post (1895) 24 Aug. p. 5 (Leeds).

[84] Leeds Mercury Weekly Supplement (1896) 30 May (Leeds). J. YRC. (1899) 1. 65 – 74.

[85] Bradford Observer (1896) 14 May p. 5. 30 May p. 6. Yorkshire Weekly Post (1896) 23 May p. 3.

[86] Bradford Observer (1895) 17 Sep. Yorkshire Weekly Post (1896) 30 May p. 5 (Leeds).

[87] Cuttriss MS. June 1896. (YRC. Library)

[88] Cuttriss MS. No. 42. (YRC. Library)

[89] Cuttriss MS. Nos. 39 & 40. (YRC. Libry)

[90] Cuttriss MS. (YRC. Library)

[91] Alpine J. (1896) 18. 185 J. YRC. (1899) 1. 65 – 74.

[92] J. YRC. (1899)L 65 – 74. Bradford Observer (1895) 17 Sep.  (1896)14 May p. 5. Yorkshire Weekly Post (1896) 23 May p. 3 (Leeds).      30 May p. 5 (Leeds).

[93] Alpine J. (1896) 18. 185. J. YRC. (1900) 1. 123 – 133. YRC. Annual Report (1895/6) pp. 10-11. Bradford Observer (1896) 30 May p. 6.

[94] Cuttriss MS. June 1896. (YRC. Library) Speight H. (1900) “Upper Wharfedale” p. 384 (London: E. Stock).   Proc. Yorks. Geol. & Polytech. Soc. (1899) 13. 316 – 324. Yorkshire Weekly Post (1896) 4 July p. 8 (Leeds).

[95] Bogg E. (1904) “Higher Wharfeland” p. 321 Leeds: J. Miles).     Cuttriss MS. Aug. 1896. YRC. Library) Martel E.A. (1897 “Irelande et Cavemes Anglaises” p. 390 (Paris: Delagrave). Yorkshire Weekly Post (1896) 8 Aug. p. 8 (Leeds).

[96] J. YRC. (1901) 1. 220 – 228.

[97] Martel E.A. (1897) “helande et Cavernes Anglaises” p. 332 (Paris: Delagrave). J. YRC. (1901)L 220-228.

[98] J. YRC. (1901) 1. 114- 122.

[99] Cuttriss MS. (YRC. Library) Bradford Observer (1897) 10 July p. 7. Proc. Yorks. Geol. & Polytech. Soc. (1899) 13. 316 – 324.

[100] YRC. Annual Report (1896/6) pp. 10 – 11.

[101] Cuttriss MS. No. 55. (YRC. Library)

[102] J. YRC. (1924) 5. 156.

[103] Cuttriss MS. Apr. 1897. (YRC. Library)

[104] as 99

[105] Alpine J. (1897) 18. 480. Lancaster Standard & County Advertiser (1897) 21 May p. 7.   J. YRC. (1900) 1. 114 – 122.

[106] as 99

[107] as 99 and Alpine J. (1897) 18. 480. YRC. Annual Report (1896/7) p. 15. BoggE. (1898) “2000 Miles in Ribblesdale” pp. 232 – 243 (Leeds: James Miles). Spelunca (1898) 4. 31 – 39.

[108] Cuttriss MS. 11 July 1897. (YRC. Library)

[109] Cuttriss MS. July 1897. (YRC. Library) Proc. Yorks. Geol. & Polytech. Soc. 13. 316 -324.

[110] Alpine J. (1897) 18. 567. J. YRC. (1900) 1. 134.

[111] Proc. Yorks. Geol. & Polytech. Soc. 13. 316-324.

[112] YRC. Annual Report (1897/8) pp. 13 – 14. Proc. Yorks. Geol. & Polytech. Soc. 13. 433-443.

[113] YRC. Annual Report (1897/8) pp. 13 – 14. Cuttriss MS. No. 45. (YRC. Library)

[114] J. YRC. (1907)2. 249.

[115] Cuttriss MS. 1898. (YRC. Library) J. YRC. (1922) 5. 63.

[116] YRC. Annual Report (1897/8) pp. 13 – 14.

[117] J. YRC. (1922) 5. 63 – 64. Cuttriss MS. 1898. (YRC. Libraiy)

[118] YRC. Annual Report (1897/8) pp. 13 – 14. J. YRC. (1903) 2. 28 – 34.

[119] Cuttriss MS. 1898. (YRC. Libraiy)

[120] J. YRC. (1900) 1. 140.

[121] Cuttriss MS. May 1899. (YRC. Libraiy) J.YRC. (1900)1.140. J.YRC.(1922)5.62/63.

[122] J.YRC.(1900)1.140. Cuttriss MS. (YRC.Lib)

[123] J. YRC. (1900) 1. 135.

[124] J. YRC. (1901) 1. 233 – 234. Yorkshire Weekly Post (1902) 25 Oct. p. 15.

[125] J. YRC. (1903) 2. 48 – 51. Yorkshire Post (1903) 1 June (Leeds). Leeds Mercury (1903) 1 June. Craven Herald (1903) 5 June (Skipton). West Yorkshire Pioneer (1903) 5 June (Skipton). Lancaster Guardian (1903) 6 June.

[126] J. YRC. (1913) 4. 107 – 127.

[127] Lancaster Standard & County Advertiser (1903) 11 Sep.

[128] J. YRC. (1905)2. 165.

[129] J. YRC. (.1905)2. 145 – 156.

[130] J. YRC. (1907)2. 249.

[131] J. YRC. (1905)2. 145 – 156.

[132] J. YRC. (1907)2. 249. Baker E.A. (1932) “Caving” p. 71. (London: Chapman & Hall.

[133] J. YRC.] (1930) 6.] 75 -] 79.

[134] J. YRC.] (1905) 2.] 173.]

[135] J. YRC.] (1913)4.] 107] – 127.

[136] J. YRC.] (1907) 2.] 229] – 235.

[137] J. YRC.] (1921)4.] 262] – 263.

[138] J. YRC.] (1912) 4.] 30-] 43.

[139] J. YRC.] (1907) 2.] 249.]

[140] J. YRC.] (1960) 9.] 75.]

[141] J. YRC.] (1907) 2.] 202] – 210.

[142] J. YRC.] (1907) 2.] 249.]

[143] J. YRC.] (1907) 2.] 211] – 215.

[144] J. YRC.] (1912) 4.] 30-] 43.

[145] J. YRC.] (1908)2.] 306] -311.

[146] J. YRC.] (1912) 4.] 30-] 43.

[147] J. YRC.] (1908) 2.] 306] – 311.

[148] J. YRC.] (1909) 3.] 95.] (1911) 3. 291 – 295.

[149] J. YRC. (1908) 2. 312 – 314 4.30 – 43.

[150] J. YRC. (1911) 3. 288 – 290.

[151] Leeds Mercury 23 Sep. 1908 p. 5. Craven Herald 25 Sep. 1908 p. 3. Yorkshire Evening News 23 Sep. 1908 p. 5. J. YRC. (1909) 3. 45 – 48.

[152] J. YRC. (1909) 3. 94 – 96.

[153] Leeds Mercury 2 June 1909. Yorkshire Post 2 June 1909. Yorkshire Evening Post 2 June 1909 p. 5. Yorkshire Weekly Post 5 June 1909 p. 19. J. YRC. (1909) 3. 67 – 77.

[154] J. YRC. (1909)3. 94.

[155] J. YRC. (1910)3. 174- 176.

[156] J. YRC. (1909) 3. 97.  (1910) 3. 186 – 192.

[157] J. YRC. (1910) 3. 209.

[158] J. YRC. (1909)3. 102.

[159] J. YRC. (1909)3. 94.  (1910) 3. 177 – 179.

[160] J. YRC. (1909)3. 94.

[161] J. YRC. (1910) 3. 179 – 185.

[162] J. YRC. (1910) 3. 186 – 192, 196. (1912) 4. 44 – 53.

[163] J. YRC. (1912)4. 30- 43.

[164] J. YRC. (1910)3. 186- 192, 196. (1912)4. 44 – 53.

[165] J. YRC. (1910) 3. 176- 179.

[166] J. YRC. (1911) 3. 288 – 290, 298.

[167] J. YRC. (1924) 5. 125 – 134.

[168] J. YRC. (1962) 9. 197.

[169] J. YRC. (1927) 5. 215 – 221.

[170] J. YRC. (1912) 4. 57 – 58.

[171] J. YRC. (1912) 4. 30 – 43.

[172] J. YRC. (1911) 3. 286 – 287.

[173] J. YRC. (1911) 3. 291 – 294.

[174] J. YRC. (1924) 5. 117- 124.

[175] J. YRC. (1912)4. 57.

[176] J. YRC. (1924) 5. 125 – 134.

[177] J. YRC. (1912) 4. 30 – 43.

[178] J. YRC. (1912) 4. 57 – 58. (1924) 5. 125 – 134.

[179] YRC. Annual Report (1911/12) p. 3. J. YRC. (1912) 4. 55 – 57.  (1913) 4. 175.

[180] J. YRC. (1912)4. 30 – 43.

[181] J. YRC. (1912)4. 58.   (1922) 5.65 – 67.

[182] J. YRC. (1912) 4. 58, 80.

[183] J. YRC. (1912)4. 175.

[184] J. YRC. (1912)4. 58.

[185] J. YRC. (1922) 5. 74.

[186] J. YRC. (1912)4. opp. 107.  (1930) 6.78.

[187] J. YRC. (1913)4. 160- 163, 178.

[188] J. YRC. (1921) 4. 272- 275. (1924) 5. 125 – 134.

[189] J. YRC. (1913)4. 165 – 166. (1924) 5. 112- 124.

[190] J. YRC. (1913)4. 107 – 127, 178.

[191] J. YRC. (1921)4. 272.

[192] J. YRC. (1924) 5. 112- 116.

[193] J. YRC. (1921)4. 272- 275.

[194] J. YRC. (1921)4. 237 – 244.

[195] Y. YRC. (1921)4. 274- 275.

[196] J. YRC. (1930) 6. 78.

[197] J. YRC. (1921) 4. 267.

[198] J. YRC. (1922) 5. 57 – 59.

[199] J. YRC. (1922) 5. 75.

[200] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 117] – 124.

[201] J.] YRC. (1922) 5. 73 -] 77.

[202] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 117] – 134.

[203] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 125] – 134.

[204] J.] YRC. (1922) 5. 73.]

[205] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 125] – 134.

[206] J.] YRC. (1922) 5. 75.] (1924) 5. 134.

[207] J.] YRC. (1922) 5. 73.]

[208] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 156] – 157. (1927) 5. 228] – 229.

[209] J.] YRC. (1922) 5. 65 -] 67.

[210] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 155] – 156.

[211] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 117] – 124.

[212] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 155.]

[213] J.] YRC. (1924) 5. 117] – 124.

[214] J.] YRC. (1927) 5. 215] – 221.

[215] J.] YRC. (1927) 5. 240] – 245.

[216] J.] YRC. (1954) 8. 87.]

[217] J.] YRC. (1927) 5. 215] – 227.

[218] J.] YRC. (1927) 5. 240] – 245.

[219] J.] YRC. (1932) 6. 153] – 155.

[220] J.] YRC. (1927) 5. 240] – 245.

[221] J.] YRC. (1934) 6. 229] – 234.

[222] J.] YRC. (1960) 9. 75.]

[223] J.] YRC. (1929) 5. 300] – 308 (1930) 6. 25 -] 26.  (1952) 7. 343.

[224] J.] YRC. (1929) 5. 328] -331.

[225] J.] YRC. (1929) 5. 300] – 308. (1930) 6. 25 -] 26.

[226] J.] YRC. (1929) 5. 328] -331.

[227] J.] YRC. (1929) 5. 338. (1930) 6. 28- 35 & 75 – 79. Yorkshire Evening Post 1 June 1928 p. 11.

[228] J. YRC. (1929) 5. 328.

[229] J. YRC. (1930) 6. 77. (1934)6. 216 – 228.

[230] J. YRC. (1930) 6. 34 – 35, 75 – 79.

[231] J. YRC. (1932) 6. 163.

[232] J. YRC. (1930) 6. 77.  (1934) 6. 216 – 228.

[233] J. YRC. (1932) 6. 153 – 154.

[234] J. YRC. (1934) 6-216 – 234.

[235] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 258 – 259.

[236] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 271.

[237] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 258 – 259.

[238] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 216 – 228.

[239] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 259.

[240] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 229 – 234.

[241] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 259.

[242] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 272.

[243] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 259.

[244] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 216 – 228.

[245] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 258.

[246] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 216 – 228.

[247] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 259.

[248] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 256.  (1934) 6. 274.

[249] J. YRC. (1934) 6.260 – 261.

[250] J. YRC. (1934) 6. 257.

[251] J. YRC. (1954) 8. 87.

[252] J. YRC. (1936) 6. 350- 357.

[253] J. YRC. (1936) 6. 373 – 374.

[254] J. YRC. (1936) 6. 350 -355.

[255] J. YRC. (1937) 7. 84.

[256] J. YRC. (1947) 7. 178 – 180.  (1952) 7. 343.

[257] British Caver (1943) 10. 70.